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A complete humerus referred to Agriotherium is described, collected from early-late Hemphillian deposits from Zacatecas. Agriotherium is widely represented by isolated molars, mandibles, and maxillae in early-late Hemphillian faunas of Eurasia and North America. In the literature, postcranial elements are scarce and briefly described with little detail. The greatest diversity is known from the Langebaanweg quarry in South Africa; however, the only complete specimen is from Mexico. The proximal end is described, and the humerus shares similarities with the description of the distal end from South Africa, in which the medial epicondyle and crest of the lateral epicondyle are reduced, which can be considered as a limitation in the hunting of larger prey for food. This implies that Agriotherium was not strictly carnivorous but was a predator-scavenger with an omnivorous diet that included plants and fruits. 

A complete humerus referred to Agriotherium is described, collected from early-late Hemphillian deposits from Zacatecas. Agriotherium is widely represented by isolated molars, mandibles, and maxillae in early-late Hemphillian faunas of Eurasia and North America. In the literature, postcranial elements are scarce and briefly described with little detail. The greatest diversity is known from the Langebaanweg quarry in South Africa; however, the only complete specimen is from Mexico. The proximal end is described, and the humerus shares similarities with the description of the distal end from South Africa, in which the medial epicondyle and crest of the lateral epicondyle are reduced, which can be considered as a limitation in the hunting of larger prey for food. This implies that Agriotherium was not strictly carnivorous but was a predator-scavenger with an omnivorous diet that included plants and fruits. 

A ubiquitous arrangement in nature is a free-flowing fluid coupled to a porous medium, for example a river or lake lying above a porous bed. Depending on the environmental conditions, thermal convection can occur and may be confined to the clear fluid region, forming shallow convection cells, or it can penetrate into the porous medium, forming deep cells. Here, we combine three complementary approaches – linear stability analysis, fully nonlinear numerical simulations and a coarse-grained model – to determine the circumstances that lead to each configuration. The coarse-grained model yields an explicit formula for the transition between deep and shallow convection in the physically relevant limit of small Darcy number. Near the onset of convection, all three of the approaches agree, validating the predictive capability of the explicit formula. The numerical simulations extend these results into the strongly nonlinear regime, revealing novel hybrid configurations in which the flow exhibits a dynamic shift from shallow to deep convection. This hybrid shallow-to-deep convection begins with small, random initial data, progresses through a metastable shallow state and arrives at the preferred steady state of deep convection. We construct a phase diagram that incorporates information from all three approaches and depicts the regions in parameter space that give rise to each convective state.

 

A phosphorus-containing Lewis-base molecule passivates and bridges perovskite grain boundaries and interfaces.